Grading and
Performance Rubrics
What are Rubrics?
A rubric is a scoring
tool that explicitly represents the performance expectations for an assignment
or piece of work. A rubric divides the assigned work into component parts and
provides clear descriptions of the characteristics of the work associated with
each component, at varying levels of mastery. Rubrics can be used for a wide
array of assignments: papers, projects, oral presentations, artistic
performances, group projects, etc. Rubrics can be used as scoring or grading
guides, to provide formative feedback to support and guide ongoing learning
efforts, or both.
Advantages of Using Rubrics
Using a rubric provides several advantages to both
instructors and students. Grading according to an explicit and descriptive set
of criteria that is designed to reflect the weighted importance of the
objectives of the assignment helps ensure that the instructor’s grading
standards don’t change over time. Grading consistency is difficult to maintain
over time because of fatigue, shifting standards based on prior experience, or
intrusion of other criteria. Furthermore, rubrics can reduce the time spent
grading by reducing uncertainty and by allowing instructors to refer to the
rubric description associated with a score rather than having to write long
comments. Finally, grading rubrics are invaluable in large courses that have
multiple graders (other instructors, teaching assistants, etc.) because they
can help ensure consistency across graders and reduce the systematic bias that
can be introduced between graders.
Used more formatively, rubrics can help
instructors get a clearer picture of the strengths and weaknesses of their
class. By recording the component scores and tallying up the number of students
scoring below an acceptable level on each component, instructors can identify
those skills or concepts that need more instructional time and student effort.
Grading rubrics are
also valuable to students. A rubric can help instructors communicate to
students the specific requirements and acceptable performance standards of an
assignment. When rubrics are given to students with the assignment description,
they can help students monitor and assess their progress as they work toward
clearly indicated goals. When assignments are scored and returned with the
rubric, students can more easily recognize the strengths and weaknesses of
their work and direct their efforts accordingly.
Examples of Rubrics
Here are links to a diverse set of rubrics
designed by Carnegie Mellon faculty and faculty at other institutions. Although
your particular field of study and type of assessment activity may not be
represented currently, viewing a rubric that is designed for a similar activity
may provide you with ideas on how to divide your task into components and how
to describe the varying levels of mastery.
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